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In this brilliant exposition of the many facets of good design, David Pye investigates the scientific nature of function and its tenuous relationship to form. He explores the priority of economy, physical components, and manufacturing technique; and he clarifies the relative utilitarian and aesthetic roles of design. It establishes a basic theory of design where none existed before. Written in a lucid style and in jargon-free language, it is a healthy correction to critiques of the past century. This is a penetrating, provocative and utterly stimulating book that everyone should read—for design is everywhere.
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“These notes are about the process of design: the process of inventing things which display new physical order, organization, form, in response to function.” This book, opening with these words, presents an entirely new theory of the process of design. In the first part of the book, Christopher Alexander discusses the process by which a form is adapted to the context of human needs and demands that has called it into being. He shows that such an adaptive process will be successful only if it proceeds piecemeal instead of all at once. It is for this reason that forms from traditional un-self-conscious cultures, molded not by designers but by the slow pattern of changes within tradition, are so beautifully organized and adapted. When the designer, in our own self-conscious culture, is called on to create a form that is adapted to its context he is unsuccessful, because the preconceived categories out of which he builds his picture of the problem do not correspond to the inherent components of the problem, and therefore lead only to the arbitrariness, willfulness, and lack of understanding which plague the design of modern buildings and modern cities.In the second part, Mr. Alexander presents a method by which the designer may bring his full creative imagination into play, and yet avoid the traps of irrelevant preconception. He shows that, whenever a problem is stated, it is possible to ignore existing concepts and to create new concepts, out of the structure of the problem itself, which do correspond correctly to what he calls the subsystems of the adaptive process. By treating each of these subsystems as a separate subproblem, the designer can translate the new concepts into form. The form, because of the process, will be well-adapted to its context, non-arbitrary, and correct. The mathematics underlying this method, based mainly on set theory, is fully developed in a long appendix. Another appendix demonstrates the application of the method to the design of an Indian village.
Applied arts. Arts and crafts --- Building design --- Architecture --- Form (Aesthetics) --- City planning --- Aesthetics of art --- architectural theory --- construction [discipline]
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From southern New Hampshire to northern Virginia, from the Atlantic shore to the Appalachian foothills, stretches Megalopolis - the unique urban area that is the focus of this book. This geographical region is the most active crossads on earth for people, ideas, and goods. Professor Gottmann's aim is to give the reader a fundamental understanding of its basic problems and of the subtle interrelationships among the social and economic processes at work in this extradinary region. He does not merely summarize trends or present statistical data. Rather, he analyzes the complex forces have created Megalopolis, and their implications.
Environmental planning --- USA: North-East --- 711 --- 71.03 --- 711.4 --- Verenigde Staten --- Ruimtelijke ordening --- Stedenbouw (geschiedenis) --- Stedenbouw --- Cities and towns --- Metropolitan areas --- Histoire de l'urbanisme --- États-Unis --- Architecture --- Growth --- Growth. --- Conurbations --- MAs (Metropolitan areas) --- Metropolitan statistical areas --- Urban areas --- Growth, Urban --- Sprawl, Urban --- Urban development --- Urban growth --- Urban sprawl --- Migration, Internal --- Population --- Vital statistics --- Global cities --- Municipalities --- Towns --- Urban systems --- Human settlements --- Sociology, Urban --- Cities and towns - Atlantic States --- Cities and towns - Growth --- Metropolitan areas - Atlantic States --- ARCHITECTURE/Urban Design
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